The genus Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871 is found to include three species represented in Israel: the recently described I. ignoratus Guadanucci et Wendt, 2014, I. meron sp.n. described herein, and an additional congener inhabiting the Negev Desert and known only from a subadult specimen (most likely, belonging to I. jickelii L. Koch, 1875). The new species differs from I. ignoratus as well as from other congeners by a specific configuration of the spermathecae and by integral leg tarsi I–IV lacking the transverse suture. Regarding the type series of I. ignoratus, a controversial information concering the collection data is discussed in detail. Ischnocolus meron sp.n. and I. ignoratus are diagnosed, depicted and (re)described; the data on their ecology and distribution are also provided. How to cite this paper: Zonstein S.L. 2023. A survey of the spider genus Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871 (Aranei: Theraphosidae) in Israel with description of a new species // Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.30. No.2. P.197– 212. doi: 10.15298/arthsel. 32.2.05